U.S. Immigration & Travel Restrictions - October 2020 Updates

Updated 10/23/2020

Disclaimer: Any foreign national considering international travel should have an attorney review the particular circumstances of their case as there are currently several “bans” in effect.

Visa Bulletin: The Department of State’s October 2020 Visa Bulletin has been released. See our separate post here.

Visa Ban: As detailed in our blog post, Presidential Proclamations 10014 and 10052 affect the issuance of new/first-time H, L, and certain J visas, as well as certain immigrant visas applications, with some exceptions. As of October 1, 2020, court decisions had only affected the ban as it relates to Diversity Visa (aka “green card lottery”) applicants and the plaintiffs of a NIV ban case. Since then, the Dept. of State made updates to its website about how it will apply the lifting of the ban. The most recent update is that visa applicants must have a relationship to one of the plaintiff organizations. We are monitoring this development closely.

COVID Travel Ban for Europe, China, Iran, Brazil: Arrival restrictions for persons present in Europe (Schengen, U.K., Ireland), China, Iran, or Brazil (“COVID travel ban”) are continuing until cancelled or modified. Certain national interest exemptions are available for the European COVID ban. Note that due to Embassy closures and differences in how Embassies are interpreting the bans, the COVID ban is creating a de facto visa ban in many cases. CBP/CDC airport health screenings and requirements to land at a CBP-designated airport ended on September 14, 2020, however the COVID-related travel bans for Schengen, U.K., Ireland, China and Brazil remain in place.

Closure of Land Ports of Entry (Canada & Mexico): U.S. Customs & Border Protection has extended the land border closure (with exceptions for essential travel) until at least November 21, 2020.

Phased Embassy Re-Opening: Routine visa issuance operations at U.S. Embassies and Consulates worldwide continue to be limited or suspended. On July 14, 2020, the Department of State announced a phased resumption of routine visa services. Some Embassies are showing appointment availability, and emergency appointments are available on a case-by-case basis at some Embassies, for non-banned categories, emergencies, and assistance with COVID ban waivers.

NPRM on Students and Media visas: On September 25, 2020, DHS issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking establishing a fixed time period for admission for students, exchange visitors, and representatives of foreign media. The rule would replace the “duration of status” admission period. The rule must now go through the usual “Notice and Comment” period; it is not final.

USCIS Updates:

• Premium Processing Service: USCIS raised the PPS filing fee to $2,500 for cases received on or after October 19, 2020. For an update on future changes to PPS, see our post here.

• Public Charge: As of September 22, 2020, USCIS is once again implementing its public charge rule, e.g. the “wealth test.”

• Fee Changes: USCIS filing fee and form changes are enjoined by a District Court as of September 29, 2020.

• H-1B Rule: The administration is pushing forward with a new rule on H-1Bs. The changes to prevailing wages are going into effect on October 8, and the restriction of the definition of “specialty occupation” goes into effect in 60 days. We will post a more detailed summary ASAP.

• H-1B Cap: On August 14, 2020, USCIS ran an (unannounced) second lottery on existing H-1B cap registrations. The filing period for the newly selected registration cases is from August 17 to November 16, 2020.

• Interviews/Appointments: On June 4, 2020, USCIS Field Offices started a phased re-opening process. Most employment-based adjustment of status interviews are being waived. Naturalization interviews are being prioritized. As interviews and in-person services are resumed, including fingerprints (biometrics), new notices will be mailed out to applicants.

• Service center operations remain mostly unchanged.

U.S. Passport Agency: On August 3, 2020, the U.S. Passport Agency announced a phased re-opening. https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/passports.html

Form I-9 Completion During COVID-19: See our August post for further information.

Reminder: Changes are rapidly evolving and may not be immediately posted here.

© Jewell Stewart & Pratt PC 2020

Future changes to USCIS's Premium Processing Service

On September 30, 2020, Congress passed a continuing resolution to fund the government through December 11, 2020, and the president is expected to sign it into law. The continuing resolution contains certain changes to USCIS’s Premium Processing Service or “PPS,” including raising the filing fee, and making PPS available to new categories such as EB-1Cs, NIWs, I-539s, and EADs. Although the law goes into effect immediately, the changes to PPS do not. USCIS must now implement the law by proposing regulations, which can take several months. We are tracking this closely and when there are regulations promulgated, we will be reaching out to clients who may benefit from using PPS in new and existing/already pending cases. Note that this change is unrelated to USCIS’s Fee Rule which is on hold as of September 29, 2020, due a District Court injunction.

© Jewell Stewart & Pratt PC 2020

October 2020 Visa Bulletin Update

On September 24, 2020, the Department of State issued its first Visa Bulletin of the new Fiscal Year for October 2020. USCIS then announced that it is accepting the Dates for Filing Chart for October filings. EB-1, EB-2, and EB-3 “All Other” are all current for filing. For EB-1 India and China, the cutoff date is September 1, 2020. EB-2 and EB-3 India/China also see modest advancements. We are immediately reviewing our files and reaching out to clients who are eligible to file. Thank you for your patience!

© Jewell Stewart & Pratt PC 2020

Statement on the Passing of Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg

JSP mourns the loss of the inspirational and irreplaceable Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg. She not only blazed a trail for women in the law, but set an example for reaching the very highest levels of achievement in the practice. Our hearts are heavy, and we send our condolences to her family and loved ones.

U.S. Immigration & Travel Restrictions - September 2020 Updates

Updated 9/29/2020

Disclaimer: Any foreign national considering international travel should have an attorney review the particular circumstances of their case as there are currently several “bans” in effect.

Visa Bulletin: The Department of State’s October 2020 Visa Bulletin has been released. See our separate post here.

Visa Ban: As detailed in our frequently updated blog post, Presidential Proclamations 10014 and 10052 affect the issuance of new/first-time H, L, and certain J visas, as well as certain immigrant visas applications, with some exceptions. As of September 7, 2020, court decisions have only affected the ban as it relates to Diversity Visa (aka “green card lottery”) applicants.

COVID Travel Ban for Europe, China, Iran, Brazil: Arrival restrictions for persons present in Europe (Schengen, U.K., Ireland), China, Iran, or Brazil (“COVID travel ban”) are continuing until cancelled or modified. Certain national interest exemptions are available for the European COVID ban. Note that based on how the Department of State is implementing the guidance, which remains Embassy-by-Embassy, the COVID ban is creating a de facto visa ban in many cases. CBP/CDC airport health screenings and requirements to land at a CBP-designated airport ended on September 14, 2020, however the COVID-related travel bans for Schengen, UK, Ireland, China and Brazil remain in place.

Closure of Land Ports of Entry (Canada & Mexico): U.S. Customs & Border Protection has extended the land border closure (with exceptions for essential travel) until at least October 21, 2020.

Phased Embassy Re-Opening: Routine visa issuance operations at U.S. Embassies and Consulates worldwide continue to be limited or suspended. On July 14, 2020, the Department of State announced a phased resumption of routine visa services. Some Embassies are showing appointment availability, and emergency appointments are available on a case-by-case basis at some Embassies, for non-banned categories, emergencies, and assistance with COVID ban waivers.

NPRM on Students and Media visas: On September 25, 2020, DHS issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking establishing a fixed time period for admission for students, exchange visitors, and representatives of foreign media. The rule would replace the “duration of status” admission period. The rule must now go through the usual “Notice and Comment” period; it is not final.

USCIS Updates:

• Public Charge: As of September 22, 2020, USCIS is once again implementing its public charge rule, e.g. the “wealth test.”

• Fee Changes: USCIS filing fee and form changes will take effect on October 2, 2020.

• H-1B Rule: The administration is pushing forward with a new rule on H-1Bs.

• H-1B Cap: On August 14, 2020, USCIS ran an (unannounced) second lottery on existing H-1B cap registrations. The filing period for the newly selected registration cases is from August 17 to November 16, 2020.

• Interviews/Appointments: On June 4, 2020, USCIS Field Offices started a phased re-opening process. Most employment-based adjustment of status interviews are being waived. Naturalization interviews are being prioritized. As interviews and in-person services are resumed, including fingerprints (biometrics), new notices will be mailed out to applicants.

• Service center operations remain mostly unchanged.

• USCIS’s planned furlough has been delayed/cancelled at this time.

U.S. Passport Agency: On August 3, 2020, the U.S. Passport Agency announced a phased re-opening. https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/passports.html

Form I-9 Completion During COVID-19: See our August post for further information.

Reminder: Changes are rapidly evolving and may not be immediately posted here.

© Jewell Stewart & Pratt PC 2020

USCIS fee changes take effect October 2, 2020

09/29/2020 update:

On September 29, 2020, the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California granted the motion for a preliminary injunction (“PI”) filed by eight nonprofit organizations in the ongoing Fee Rule litigation. The PI has a nationwide effect and bars the rule in its entirety for the duration of the litigation. Therefore, DHS may not require its new fees, forms, and other changes outlined below.

Original post:

On August 3, 2020, the Department of Homeland Security published a new rule containing numerous adjustments to U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services’ (USCIS) filing fee schedule. In the new rule, DHS is planning on an upward adjustment of USCIS fees “by a weighted average of 20 percent.”

The rule, set to go into effect on October 2, 2020, further increases fees for many commonly used forms such as N-400 for naturalization, I-485 for Adjustment of Status (AOS), I-140 for immigrant visa petitions, and I-129 for nonimmigrant visa petitions, which will carry separate fees for each visa classification.

Other significant changes in the rule include:

• Employment Authorization (EAD) and Advanced Parole (AP) are now “unbundled” from AOS applications – meaning that each form must be filed with the corresponding fees, whereas previously when filed with a Form I-485 the EAD and AP fees were waived.

• AOS fees for children under 14 years old are now the same as the adult fee.

• Separate biometrics fees are now subsumed within the form’s fee (in most cases the separate biometrics fee is no longer required).

• Premium Processing Service (PPS) is changing to 15 business days instead of 15 calendar days.

• Forms available online have different fees for filing online vs. paper; the filing the fee will be $10 lower for applying online.

The American Immigration Lawyers Association (“AILA”) has published a searchable table of fee adjustments, located here. USCIS will be publishing new forms 30 days before the rule will take effect, and new forms are required starting October 2, 2020, with some limited exceptions.

On August 20, 2020, AILA and partners sued USCIS over the rule, claiming that the agency lacked authority to issue the rule, and that its issuance violated the Administrative Procedures Act. The litigation is ongoing as of this writing.

© Jewell Stewart & Pratt PC 2020

U.S. Immigration & Travel Restrictions - August 2020 Updates

Updated 8/19/2020

Disclaimer: Any foreign national considering international travel should have an attorney review the particular circumstances of their case as there are currently several “bans” in effect.

H-1B Cap:

On August 14, 2020, USCIS ran a second lottery on existing H-1B cap registrations. The filing period for the newly selected registrations will be from August 17 to November 16, 2020.

Visa Ban:

As detailed in our frequently updated blog post, Presidential Proclamations 10014 and 10052 affect the issuance of new H, L, and certain J visas. Anyone who is in the United States in valid status is not affected assuming they do not depart the U.S. Note that a “visa” is the travel document/sticker affixed in a passport, and is different from “status” or an I-797 petition.

The June 22 expansion of the original visa ban also extended the initial ban of consular processing immigrant visa cases, with certain exceptions.

PERM, I-140, Adjustment of Status (I-485) and related in-country “green card” filings are unaffected. Most employment-based green card interviews are now being waived.

F-1 & M-1 Students:

On July 6, 2020, the administration announced that F-1 and M-1 students would not be able to maintain status if their universities were only operating solely online for the fall semester. On July 14, 2020, the administration agreed to withdraw the proposed rule entirely; however, first-time (initial) student visa applicants may still be affected. For a more detailed update please see our blog post here.

Closure of Land Ports of Entry (Canada & Mexico):

U.S. Customs & Border Protection has extended the land border closure (with exceptions for essential travel) until at least September 21, 2020.

COVID Travel Ban for Europe, China, Iran, Brazil:

Arrival restrictions for persons present in Europe (Schengen, U.K., Ireland), China, Iran, or Brazil (“COVID travel ban”) are continuing until cancelled or modified. Certain national interest exemptions are available for the Europe ban, including for business travelers and students. Students currently in Europe who already hold valid F-1 or M-1 visas and current I-20s do not need to apply for permission to travel. Otherwise, interested travelers must initiate an exception request with their nearest Embassy or Consulate or CBP.

Proclamation / COVID Travel Ban: https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/proclamation-suspension-entry-immigrants-nonimmigrants-certain-additional-persons-pose-risk-transmitting-novel-coronavirus/

Guidance on exceptions: https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/News/visas-news/national-interest-exceptions-from-certain-travelers-from-the-schengen-area-uk-and-ireland.html

New York Residents Now Eligible for CBP Trusted Traveler Programs:

On July 23, 2020, DHS announced that New York state residents would again be eligible to use CBP’s Trusted Traveler Programs such as Global Entry. These programs had been unavailable to New York residents since February 2020.

Phased Embassy Re-Opening:

Routine visa issuance operations at U.S. Embassies and Consulates worldwide continue to be limited or suspended. On July 14, 2020, the Department of State announced a phased resumption of routine visa services. Some Embassies are showing appointment availability, and emergency appointments are available on a case-by-case basis at some Embassies, for non-banned categories, emergencies, and assistance with COVID bans.

USCIS Re-Opening & Potential Furloughs:

On June 4, 2020, USCIS Field Offices started a phased re-opening process. As mentioned, most employment-based adjustment of status interviews are being waived. Naturalization interviews are being prioritized. Naturalization oath ceremonies are being scheduled as small socially-distanced events at the Field Office versus a larger celebratory event at Oakland’s Paramount Theater. The San Francisco USCIS office has also indicated that the oath may be administered at the conclusion of a naturalization interview and/or same-day, where possible. As interviews and in-person services are resumed, including fingerprints (biometrics), new notices will be mailed out to applicants.

Application Support Centers (for biometrics) are slowly re-reopening and appointments are (also slowly) being rescheduled via mailed notices.

USCIS Service Center operations continue as usual, which means that regular filings are still being accepted. Premium Processing Service or “PPS” has been restored for most previously-accepted application types, and scanned signatures continue to be accepted for filings.

That said, USCIS has issued furlough notices to thousands of its employees to take effect at the end of August 2020 unless/until it secures additional government funding. Note that USCIS is meant to be fee-funded. It is not clear how benefits adjudications and processing times will be affected or if PPS will be suspended again.

USCIS is also reportedly scaling back its printing operations / contracts because of the agency’s financial crisis. This is causing a delay of printing secure cards such as permanent resident cards (“green cards”) and employment authorization documents (“work permits”).

U.S. Passport Agency:

On August 3, 2020, the U.S. Passport Agency announced a phased re-opening. At this time, passport issuances for “life and death” emergencies are being prioritized.

https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/passports.html

Form I-9 Completion During COVID-19:

On May 1, 2020, DHS issued a temporary policy regarding expired List B identity documents used to complete Form I-9. Beginning on May 1, 2020, identity documents found in List B that are set to expire on or after March 1, 2020, and not otherwise extended by the issuing authority, may be treated the same as if the employee had presented a valid receipt for an acceptable document for Form I-9 purposes. DHS has also issued policies for virtual review of certain documents, and has extended the time period to resolve tentative non-confirmations on E-Verify due to COVID-19.

On August 19, 2020, DHS issued a temporary policy allowing for I-797s for EADs which were issued between December 31, 2019 and August 20, 2020, to be considered List C documents until December 1, 2020. This is helpful for persons who have approved EADs but have not received them because of card production delays mentioned above. The I-797 does not work as a List A document (as an EAD would) but instead would need to be presented along with a List B document of the employee’s choosing.

EAD I-797s announcement: https://www.uscis.gov/i-9-central/form-i-9-verification-during-ead-production-delays-due-to-covid-19

I-9 FAQ: https://www.uscis.gov/i-9-central/temporary-policies-related-covid-19

DHS’s I-9 manual, M-274, Handbook for Employers: Guidance for Completing Form I-9, was updated on April 28, 2020.

Reminder: Changes are rapidly evolving and may not be immediately posted here.

© Jewell Stewart & Pratt PC 2020

Updates on the Administration’s Public Charge Rule

November 5, 2020 update:

On Wednesday, November 4, 2020, the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeal stayed the lower court’s order. Therefore Public Charge is back in effect for now.

November 3, 2020 update:

On Monday, November 2, 2020, the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Illinois vacated the administration’s Public Charge rule and denied the government’s request to stay the judgment pending appeal. The USCIS may not require Forms I-944 going forward on a nation-wide basis. As of this writing, USCIS’s website has not been updated to reflect compliance with the order.

September 22, 2020 update:

On September 22, 2020, USCIS posted implementation instructions for its Public Charge rule. Any Adjustment of Status cases that were filed after February 24, 2020, will receive a Request for Evidence for the Form I-944 and relevant supporting documents. Any Adjustment of Status cases filed after October 13, 2020, without the Form I-944 and supporting documents, will be rejected.

September 14, 2020 update:

On Friday, September 11, 2020, the Second Circuit Court of Appeals lifted the injunction; it is not clear how or when USCIS will re-implement rule.

August 14, 2020 update:

The injunction is now limited to cover only certain states (namely New York, Connecticut, and Vermont); however, USCIS and the Department of State have not announced if and how they will implement the rule.

August 10, 2020 update:

Despite news articles to the contrary regarding several Circuit Court rulings, the national-wide injunction as described below remains in place.

August 7, 2020 update:

The Department of State (DOS) has now posted on its website that it will comply with the injunction and is in the process of updating its guidance to consular officers. While guidance is being updated, visa applications that appear to be ineligible based on the public charge grounds of inadmissibility will be “refused” for administrative processing to allow for consultation with DOS. Applicants are not required to complete nor present the DS-5540 Public Charge Questionnaire.  

Original post:

On July 29, 2020, the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York issued two nationwide injunctions preventing the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and Department of State (DOS) from implementing and enforcing the administration’s USCIS and DOS public charge rules and policies.

The injunction issued against DHS prevents DHS from enforcing, applying, implementing, or treating as effective its public charge rule that was implemented on February 24, 2020 (and outlined in our blog post here) as long as there is a declared national health emergency in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. (The Secretary of Health and Human Services declared a public health emergency on January 31, 2020.) The ruling came after the plaintiffs successfully argued that the DHS public charge rule has had a chilling effect on foreign nationals seeking health care and other benefits during the COVID-19 pandemic.

USCIS announced that as long as the injunction is in effect, it will not apply the Public Charge Rule implemented on February 24, 2020 for any applications and petitions USCIS adjudicates on or after July 29, 2020. Instead, USCIS will apply prior public charge guidance. Any information and documentation previously provided on Form I-944 Declaration of Self Sufficiency (for the green card process) or the receipt of public benefits (for nonimmigrant status) will not be considered. In addition, the detailed information and evidence is need not be provided for applications or petitions going forward, again while this injunction is in place. USCIS has indicated that additional guidance will be forthcoming.

The injunction issued against DOS in a separate case prevents DOS from implementing, enforcing, or applying its public charge rule as well as the administration’s Health Care Proclamation that required visa applicants to show proof of private health insurance. This was the first decision fully addressing these policies, and the court’s decision enjoined those policies indefinitely. As of this writing, DOS has not made an announcement on its website regarding the injunction. Many U.S. Embassies and consulates remain closed or on very limited operations due to the ongoing pandemic.

© Jewell Stewart & Pratt PC 2020

Executive Order regarding Hong Kong has Significant Impact to U.S. Immigration

On July 14, 2020, President Trump issued Executive Order (EO 13936) that ends the special treatment of Hong Kong as a separate foreign state from China. The immigration impact to Hong Kong nationals is significant. For the permanent residence (i.e. green card) process, Hong Kong-born nationals will now be “charged” to China, rather than the “Worldwide” quota, meaning they will now be subject to the same multi-year wait times and immigrant visa backlogs as nationals born in mainland China for many employment-based preference categories. In addition, Hong Kong SAR passport holders with H, L, and O visas will now be subject to shorter visa validity periods, in accordance with the Department of State’s visa reciprocity tables. The EO also orders the termination of the Fulbright Exchange Program with Hong Kong and China, and J-1 exchanges for Hong Kong residents would likely now be subject to the two-year home country requirement that most programs for residents of China fall under. The exact effective date of the EO is not yet clear and we will update this blog post once we know more.

© Jewell Stewart & Pratt PC 2020

New Rules Affecting F-1 and M-1 Students

July 29, 2020 update:

On July 24, 2020, ICE issued “clarifying guidance” regarding the gaps noted in our July 19 below. Specifically, universities are now prohibited from issuing I-20s to new or “initial” students, and so students starting new programs will not be eligible to apply for visas. As the proposed rule (discussed below) was withdrawn, students who were already enrolled but left the U.S. due to COVID may be eligible to re-enter and resume studies, even if they are provided in a fully online format. The Department of State similarly revised its guidance, providing for visa issuance for continuing, but not for new, international students.

July 19, 2020 update:

Note that although the proposed rule discussed below was withdrawn, there are still several gaps in the guidance which essentially reverted to FAQ issued in March 2020, which allowed existing students to maintain status despite classes being held primarily online due to COVID. Notably, the March ICE guidance states that students who are not already in the United States should “remain in their home country” which raises questions about new students arriving for Fall semester. In addition, current Department of State guidance directs Consular Officers to refuse visa applications for students who intend to attend their programs entirely online. F-1 and M-1 students (including those participating in CPT or OPT) will need to remain in close contact with their DSOs for guidance. The current H, L, J visa ban does NOT prevent F-1 or M-1 student visa issuance, and the current COVID travel ban for Schengen, U.K., and Ireland does not apply to F-1 students with valid visas and I-20s.

July 14, 2020 update:

The administration reportedly agreed to withdraw the proposed rule in entirety during a TRO hearing on the Harvard/MIT litigation.

Original post:

On July 6, 2020, the administration announced that F-1 and M-1 students would not be able to maintain status if their universities were only operating online for the fall semester. Many universities are currently in the process of determining whether and how they will operate going forward due to COVID concerns, and had been relying on the temporary measures put in place during spring and summer that allowed F-1 and M-1 students to maintain status despite coursework and classes being moved to remote scenarios for safety during the pandemic. (Ordinarily, only 1 class or 3 credit hours may be taken online.)

On July 7, 2020, Harvard and MIT sued to enjoin this new rule. There has already been a hearing on a temporary restraining order (TRO) in that case, with a decision expected around July 15, 2020. Experts are divided as of this writing on whether a TRO could cover only Harvard and MIT, or whether it could be national in scope. Other universities and states, including California, are also filing lawsuits. More guidance is potentially expected when ICE issues the interim final rule (regulation) in the Federal Register, after which there may be a brief comment period.

Many, many questions are unanswered such as what the minimum in-person requirements would be for a so-called “hybrid” program (which would be acceptable under the new rule), how post-docs will be treated if they have completed coursework, how students may maintain active SEVIS status if they elect to take coursework remotely from their home countries (to preserve, say, CPT eligibility), and how the international student offices will deal with the requirements to issue new I-20s for the millions of international students in the U.S.

We are closely monitoring developments on this issue for our clients as there will also necessarily be an impact on CPT and OPT work authorizations if students are not allowed to remain in the U.S. to continue or complete their programs.

Resources:

https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/07/06/us/06reuters-usa-immigration-visas-students.html

https://www.nafsa.org/regulatory-information/sevp-covid-19-guidance-fall-2020

https://www.chronicle.com/article/Here-s-a-List-of-Colleges-/248626?cid=wcontentgrid_hp_1b

© Jewell Stewart & Pratt PC 2020